Physical activity and self-esteem among people with physical disabilities in saudi arabia / Actividad física y autoestima en personas con discapacidad física en arabia saudita / Atividade física e autoestima em pessoas com deficiência na arábia saudita

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity can play a critical and effective role in the health and self-esteem of the general population. However, the research on the association between participation in physical activity and self-esteem in those with physical disabilities in non-Western countries, especially Saudi Arabia is limited. Objective: To analyze self-esteem levels among those with physical disabilities in Saudi Arabia, and examine the relationship between participation in physical activity and self-esteem among those with physical disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A participant sample (N = 292) consisting of Saudi Arabian individuals with physical disabilities (male n = 201; female n = 91) aged 18-59 years (M = 36.08 years; SD = 10.64) was recruited to participate in this study. Levels of self-esteem were measured using the Arabic version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Results: Statistical analysis illustrated that the participants' overall self-esteem was moderate (M = 3.14; SD = 0.56). A stepwise multiple linear regression demonstrated that participating in physical activity (measured by days per week) was the only predictor of the total RSES scale (ß = −0.304; p = <0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest that participation in physical activity is a statistically significant predictor of self-esteem levels in those with physical disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, it is essential to increase awareness of the importance of participation in physical activity among people with physical disabilities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of Treatment Results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física puede desempeñar un papel crítico y efectivo en la salud y autoestima de la población en general. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la asociación entre la participación en actividad física y la autoestima en personas con discapacidad física en países no occidentales, especialmente en Arabia Saudita, es limitada. Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de autoestima en personas con discapacidad física en Arabia Saudita y examinar la relación entre la participación en actividad física y la autoestima en este grupo. Métodos: Se reclutó una muestra de participantes (N = 292) compuesta por individuos sauditas con discapacidad física (hombres n = 201; mujeres n = 91), con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 59 años (M = 36,08 años; DE = 10,64) para participar en este estudio. Los niveles de autoestima se midieron utilizando la versión árabe de la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES). Resultados: El análisis estadístico mostró que la autoestima general de los participantes fue moderada (M = 3,14; DE = 0,56). Una regresión lineal múltiple stepwise demostró que la participación en actividad física (medida por días por semana) fue el único predictor de la puntuación total de la escala RSES (ß = −0,304; p = <0,001). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la participación en actividad física es un predictor estadísticamente significativo de los niveles de autoestima en personas con discapacidad física en Arabia Saudita. Por lo tanto, es esencial aumentar la conciencia sobre la importancia de la participación en actividad física entre las personas con discapacidad física. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los Resultados del Tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A atividade física pode desempenhar um papel crítico e efetivo na saúde e autoestima da população em geral. No entanto, a pesquisa sobre a associação entre a participação em atividade física e a autoestima em pessoas com deficiência física em países não ocidentais, especialmente na Arábia Saudita, é limitada. Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de autoestima em pessoas com deficiência física na Arábia Saudita e examinar a relação entre a participação em atividade física e a autoestima nesse grupo. Métodos: Uma amostra de participantes (N = 292) composta por indivíduos sauditas com deficiência física (homens n = 201; mulheres n = 91), com idades entre 18 e 59 anos (M = 36,08 anos; DP = 10,64), foi recrutada para participar deste estudo. Os níveis de autoestima foram medidos usando a versão árabe da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES). Resultados: A análise estatística mostrou que a autoestima geral dos participantes foi moderada (M = 3,14; DP = 0,56). Uma regressão linear múltipla stepwise demonstrou que a participação em atividade física (medida por dias por semana) foi o único preditor da pontuação total da escala RSES (ß = −0,304; p = <0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a participação em atividade física é um preditor estatisticamente significativo dos níveis de autoestima em pessoas com deficiência física na Arábia Saudita. Portanto, é essencial aumentar a conscientização sobre a importância da participação em atividade física entre as pessoas com deficiência física. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados do Tratamento.

Relación de las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles y Ejercicio Físico en la Población Chilena entre los años 2015-2016 / Risk of Retention of Secretions in Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Introducción. Las prevalencias de la inactividad física, el sedentarismo y el sobrepeso y obesidad han aumentado sus índices durante los últimos años en Chile, lo que conlleva al desarrollo y aparición de diversas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como por ejemplo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus e inclusive enfermedades respiratorias, las cuales repercuten negativamente en la población y deterioran la calidad de vida de las personas, independientemente el sexo y el rango etario. El ejercicio físico es una de las principales herramientas utilizadas por diversos profesionales de la salud como método de prevención y tratamiento en la población afectada, inclusive representa una alternativa de menor costo. Objetivo. Relacionar el ejercicio físico de alta y mediana intensidad con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en personas mayores a 18 años residentes en Chile durante el periodo 2015-2016. Métodos. Análisis cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de base secundaria ENCAVI 2015-2016, de residentes en Chile mayores de 18 años y con al menos una de las siguientes condiciones de salud: Hipertensión arterial, Diabetes Mellitus y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas no transmisibles. Resultados. Todas las variables presentan relaciones significativas (p<0,005) (HTA, DM, enfermedades respiratorias, edad, horas sentado, ejercicio físico de moderada y alta intensidad. Sin embargo, las variables de ejercicio físico moderada intensidad y enfermedades respiratorias (p=0,578) y las variables de sexo y horas sentado (p=0,005) no presentan relación significativa. Discusión. El ejercicio físico de moderada intensidad es el que tiene mejor respuesta ante las diferentes patologías según diferentes autores, por otro lado, en la recopilación de datos podemos encontrar que este tipo de ejercicio es efectivo en la Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusiones. Según los datos analizados, mientras mayor frecuencia de ejercicio físico de alta intensidad (en días) y ejercicio físico de moderada intensidad (en horas) se realice durante los últimos días de la semana, los diagnósticos de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (HTA, DM) y enfermedades respiratorias se verán controladas, mientras que, cuando existe menor frecuencia del ejercicio físico realizado durante los últimos días de la semana, tiende a existir mayor diagnóstico.

Background. The prevalence of physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, and overweight and obesity have increased their rates in recent years in Chile, which leads to the development and appearance of various chronic non-communicable diseases, such as for example, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and even respiratory diseases, which have a negative impact on the population and deteriorate the quality of life of people, regardless of gender and age range (7). Physical exercise is one of the main tools used by various health professionals as a method of prevention and treatment in the affected population, even representing a lower cost alternative. Objetive. To relate high and medium intensity physical exercise with chronic non-communicable diseases in people over 18 years of age residing in Chile during the period 2015-2016. Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective analysis of the ENCAVI 2015-2016 secondary base of residents in Chile over 18 years of age and with at least one of the following health conditions: High blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus and chronic non-communicable respiratory diseases. Results. All the variables present significant relationships (p<0.005) (HTN, DM, respiratory diseases, age, hours sitting, moderate and high intensity physical exercise. However, the variables of moderate intensity physical exercise and respiratory diseases (p=0.578) and the variables of sex and sitting hours (p=0.005) do not present a significant relationship. Discussion. Moderate intensity physical exercise is the one that has the best response to different pathologies according to different authors, on the other hand, in data collection we can found that this type of exercise is effective in Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions. According to the data analyzed, the greater the frequency of high-intensity physical exercise (in days) and moderate-intensity physical exercise (in hours) performed during the last days of the week, the diagnoses of chronic non-communicable diseases (HTN, DM) and respiratory diseases will be controlled, while, when there is less frequency of physical exercise carried out during the last days of the week, there tends to be a greater diagnosis.

Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, there is substantial evidence that modifiable risk factors for CVD are increasing in adolescents. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and clustering of these risk factors in adolescents. OBJECTIVES: This study explores the modifiable risk factors for CVD among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: A total of 546 newly admitted students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from study participants between January and February 2016. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 19 ± 2.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The reported risk factors for CVD were smoking (1.6%), abdominal obesity (3.3%), alcohol consumption (3.7%), overweight/obesity (20.7%), unhealthy diet (85.3%), and physical inactivity (94.5%). Clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was reported in 23.4% of students. Female students were twice as probably overweight/obese as male students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-3.43). Students whose fathers were skilled workers were 3.5 times more likely to be physically inactive (AOR = 1.7; CI = 0.97-2.96). The clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was significantly higher among women and Muslims in bivariate analysis, whereas no significant association was found in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Public health strategies to prevent CVD risk factors should begin in schools and extend to the entire community.

Prevalência e incidência da prática insuficiente de atividade física em adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia: dados da ConVid Adolescentes / Prevalence and incidence of insufficient physical activity in Brazilian adolescents during the pandemic: data from ConVid Adolescents

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e a incidência de atividade física insuficiente em adolescentes brasileiros e identificar os subgrupos mais afetados durante a pandemia. Métodos: Este estudo utilizou dados da ConVid Adolescentes - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, que avaliou, por meio de um questionário online autopreenchido, o comportamento de 9.470 adolescentes brasileiros no período de restrição social, em virtude da pandemia da COVID-19 em 2020. Os participantes foram convidados por meio de um procedimento de amostragem em cadeia denominado "bola de neve" virtual. Foram relatadas informações sobre a frequência de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia. As variáveis de exposição utilizadas foram sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor da pele, região do Brasil, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna, dificuldades financeiras durante a pandemia e restrições sociais. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Os adolescentes praticaram menos atividade física durante a pandemia, visto que a prevalência de atividade física insuficiente aumentou de 71,3% no período anterior para 84,3% durante a pandemia. A incidência de atividade física insuficiente durante a pandemia foi de 69,6%. Os subgrupos de adolescentes mais afetados foram os que se autodeclararam da raça/cor da pele preta, que relataram dificuldades financeiras durante a pandemia, residentes nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do país e que realizaram restrição social intensa e total. Conclusão: Altas incidências de atividade física insuficiente foram observadas entre adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Recomenda-se que novos estudos explorem períodos posteriores aos analisados para identificar a dinâmica comportamental dos adolescentes a partir do retorno das atividades presenciais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of insufficient physical activity in Brazilian adolescents and identify the most affected subgroups during the pandemic. Methods: This study used data from the "ConVid Adolescents - Behavior Survey", which evaluated the behavior of 9,470 Brazilian adolescents during the period of social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, through a self-administered online questionnaire. Participants were invited through a virtual "snowball" sampling procedure. Information was reported on the frequency of physical activity before and during the pandemic. The exposure variables used were gender, age group, race/skin color, region of Brazil, type of school, maternal education, financial difficulties during the pandemic, and social restrictions. Logistic regression models were used. Results: Adolescents engaged in less physical activity during the pandemic, as the prevalence of insufficient physical activity increased from 71.3% in the previous period to 84.3% during the pandemic. The incidence of insufficient physical activity during the pandemic was 69.6%. The subgroups of adolescents most affected were those who self-declared as black or with dark skin color, reported financial difficulties during the pandemic, lived in the Southeast and South regions of the country, and practiced intense or complete social distancing. Conclusion: High incidences of insufficient physical activity were observed among Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that further studies explore periods after those analyzed to identify the behavioral dynamics of adolescents upon returning to in-person activities.

The burden of physical inactivity for the public health care system in Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To update the estimated cost of physical inactivity for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS The hospitalization costs were accessed via a database of the Ministry of Health - Informatics Department of the Brazilian SUS. Physical inactivity for the year 2017 was accessed via the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel - Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey). Seven chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) were selected via the international classification of disease (ICD-10). The population fraction attributable to physical inactivity was calculated based on relative risk reported in previous studies and the prevalence of physical inactivity. RESULTS In 2017, the seven NCD considered in the analysis were responsible for 154,017 hospital admissions in adults older than 40 years old, residing in the state capitals and the Federal District, which corresponded to 6.5% of hospitalizations and 10.6% of SUS costs at an estimated US$ 112,524,914.47. Considering the group of individuals with insufficient physical activity in their leisure time, the percentage cost attributed to physical inactivity reached 17.4% of the estimated costs with NCD. At a national level, NCD were responsible for approximately 740 thousand hospitalizations, costing US$ 482 million, from which 17.4%, US$ 83 million were attributed to physical inactivity. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence to conclude that physical inactivity exerts an economic impact on the SUS due to NCD hospitalization. Physical inactivity is a modifiable lifestyle and compelling evidence, including that of this article, supports the promotion of a more active community as one of the major targets of public health care policies.

Atividade física, tempo de tela e duração de sono de adolescentes antes e durante a COVID-19 / Physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration of adolescents before and during COVID-19

O isolamento social associado à pandemia da COVID-19, incluindo o fechamento de escolas, impactou diretamente nos hábitos diários de adolescentes. Desta maneira, o presente estudo objetivou analisar o nível de atividade física, tempo de tela e duração de sono de adolescentes antes e durante a COVID-19. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal, quantitativo, conduzido com 85 adolescentes com idades entre 14 a 18 anos, estudantes de um Instituto Federal. Os participantes responderam a questionários sociodemográfico, de nível de atividade física, tempo de tela e duração de sono. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Teste-T de Student pareado. O nível de significância adotado foi p<0,05. Os resultados revelaram que houve um aumento significativo na duração de sono nos dias de semana para meninas (p=0,001) e meninos (p=0,001) e no tempo de tela durante a pandemia para meninas (p=0,028) e meninos (p=0,004). Houve uma diminuição no nível de atividade física de meninas (p=0,025). Conclui-se que a pandemia da COVID-19, nos estudantes do Instituto Federal, aumentou a duração de sono e tempo de tela de adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino, e diminuiu o nível de atividade física de meninas.

The social isolation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including school closures, directly impacted the daily habits of adolescents. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the level of physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration of adolescents before and during COVID-19. Therefore, a cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out with 85 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years, students at a Federal Institute. Participants answered questionnaires on sociodemographic data, physical activity level, screen time, and sleep duration. Data were analyzed using the paired Student's T-Test. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. The results revealed that there was a significant increase in sleep duration on weekdays for girls (p=0.001) and boys (p=0.001) and in screen time during the pandemic for girls (p=0.028) and boys (p= 0.004). There was a decrease in the level of physical activity of girls (p=0.025). It is concluded that, among the students at this Federal Institute, the COVID-19 pandemic increased the sleep duration and screen time of male and female adolescents and decreased the level of physical activity of girls.

Associação entre a capacidade funcional, transtorno do sono e nível de atividade física em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson durante o período de pandemia de covid-19: um estudo transversal / Association between functional capacity, sleep disorder and physical activity level in individuals with Parkinson's disease during the covid-19 pandemic period: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o nível de atividade física, considerando as condições sociodemográficas, clínicas e funcionais, de pessoas idosas com Doença de Parkinson (DP). Método Foi realizado um estudo transversal a partir dos seguintes dados: nível de atividade física (International Physical Activity Questionnaire versão curta - IPAQ curto), transtornos do sono, queixa cognitiva, tempo de doença, grau de dependência para realizar atividades básicas do dia a dia pela escala Schwab & England (S & E) de indivíduos idosos com DP atendidos em um serviço de saúde terciário, durante a pandemia da covid-19. Regressão de Poisson, teste U de Mann-Whitney e teste t de Student foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados A cada 10 pontos de elevação na escala de S & E, a razão de prevalência de ser ativo foi maior em 1,04 (IC 95% 1,01 - 1,08) e quem não referiu transtorno de sono teve razão de prevalência de 1,17 (IC95% 1,02-1,34) vez maior de ser ativo. Indivíduos com DP inativos eram mais velhos e tinham maior tempo de doença. Conclusão Ênfase deve ser dada a capacidade funcional e ao sono de indivíduos com DP para o manejo adequado do nível de AF em períodos de restrição social.

Abstract Objective To assess the level of exercise of older people with Parkinson's disease (PD), taking into account sociodemographic, clinical, and functional characteristics. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the following data: level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version - short IPAQ), sleep disorders, cognitive complaints, duration of illness, degree of dependence to perform basic daily activities through Schwab & England (S&E) scale of older individuals with PD treated at a tertiary health service during the covid-19 pandemic. Poisson regression, Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t test were used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence ratio of being active increased by 1.04 (95% CI 1.01 - 1.08) for every 10 points of elevation on the S&E scale, whereas those who did not report sleep difficulties had a prevalence ratio of 1.17 (95% CI 1.02-1.34) times greater to be active. Inactive individuals with PD were older and had longer disease duration. Conclusion Emphasis should be given to the functional capacity and sleep of individuals with PD for the adequate management of the PA level in periods of social restriction.

Sedentariness and overweight in relation to mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. A Mediation analysis based on the WHO-Global Health Observatory Data Repository

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the complex mediation analysis between physical inactivity and overweight in relation to mortality. Methods: The study is based on public data collected by the Global Health Observatory (GHO) of the World Health Organisation. Results: We showed that the median early mortality attributable to NCDs during the period 2016 - 2019 in both men and women all together was 23.2% (5th to 95th range = 17.2, 35.6) while that in men alone was 25.1% (16.5, 45.7) and that of women was 22.0% (17.0, 27.9). When considering regional early NCDs mortality for both men and women, a systematically high median was observed in Southern Africa (28.7% (22.2, 43.8)) and a low median in Eastern Africa (21.1% (17.15, 27.3)). The analysis of the overall relation between physical inactivity, overweight and early mortality due to NCDs revealed a statistical significance of the direct association between physical inactivity and early mortality due to NCDs. Conclusion: Our findings revealed three main epidemiological and public health concerns. First, an early mortality attributable to NCDs in a range of about 20% to 30% across the SSA regions for both sexes were observed. Second, there was a direct effect between physical inactivity and early NCDs mortality as well as for the indirect effect mediated by overweight. Finally, a percentage point decrease of physical inactivity prevalence and overweight could effectively generate a reduction of mortality due to NCDs. Future studies are needed to confirm the scientific evidence observed in this study. Such studies should be based on observation of individual subjects, adopt a longitudinal design, and collect information that evaluate the complex relation between physical inactivity and early NCDs mortality, along with the role of overweight as a possible mediator.

Efecto del confinamiento sobre la inactividad física en poblaciones infanto-juveniles / Efeito do confinamento sobre a inatividade física em populações infantis e juvenis / Effect of confinement on physical inactivity in child and juvenile populations

RESUMEN Introducción: Un brote de enfermedad por una variedad de coronavirus que afecta a los humanos comenzó en diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan, China, donde hasta enero del 2022 ha provocado más de cinco millones y medio de muertes. A medida que la pandemia de COVID-19 continúa desarrollándose a escala mundial, las autoridades de los diferentes territorios y países han introducido varias medidas de protección, incluido el cierre de escuelas, universidades, la prohibición de viajes, eventos culturales, deportivos y de reuniones sociales. Estos procesos de reclusión y aislamiento social obligatorios fueron una realidad impuesta por el gobierno argentino como medio preventivo frente a la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2. Actualmente, existen pocos registros estadísticos donde se muestren las afectaciones ocasionadas en el estado físico de poblaciones infanto-juveniles, que hayan sido confinadas debido a las medidas preventivas tomadas frente a la pandemia del Covid-19. Objetivo: Por tal motivo, en este estudio se pretendió describir algunos de los efectos del confinamiento sobre la inactividad física en poblaciones infanto-juveniles de Comodoro Rivadavia y Rada Tilly. Materiales y métodos: Se emplearon métodos y técnicas científicas de investigación como el analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, análisis de documentos y un cuestionario anónimo, contestado por 466 sujetos (femenino= 237 - masculino= 229), cuyas edades eran de 12±6 años. Resultados: Con los datos obtenidos, se concluyó (P<0,05) que esta población sufrió un incremento en el tiempo frente a las pantallas, disminuyendo el tiempo empleado para realizar actividad física, provocando modificaciones asociadas a un incremento en la cantidad de sueño, debido al confinamiento. Conclusiones: Esta situación traerá consecuencias a futuro; por ello que es necesario generar estrategias que permitan un entorno activo a través del ejercicio físico.

RESUMO Introdução: Um surto de doença de uma cepa de coronavírus afetando seres humanos começou em dezembro de 2019 em Wuhan, China, onde em janeiro de 2022 resultou em mais de cinco milhões e meio de mortes. Como a pandemia da COVID-19 continua a se desenvolver em escala global, as autoridades em diferentes territórios e países introduziram várias medidas de proteção, incluindo o fechamento de escolas, universidades, proibições de viagens, eventos culturais, encontros esportivos e sociais. Estes processos de isolamento obrigatório e isolamento social foram uma realidade imposta pelo governo argentino como medida preventiva contra a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Atualmente, há poucos registros estatísticos mostrando os efeitos na condição física de crianças e jovens que foram confinados devido às medidas preventivas tomadas em resposta à pandemia de Covid-19. Objetivo: Por esta razão, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever alguns dos efeitos do confinamento sobre a inatividade física em populações infantis e jovens em Comodoro Rivadavia e Rada Tilly. Materiais e métodos: Utilizamos métodos e técnicas de pesquisa científica como analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, análise de documentos e um questionário anônimo, respondido por 466 sujeitos (feminino= 237 - masculino= 229), cuja idade era de 12±6 anos. Resultados: Com os dados obtidos, concluiu-se (P<0,05) que esta população sofreu um aumento no tempo diante das telas, diminuindo o tempo gasto em atividade física, causando modificações associadas a um aumento na quantidade de sono, devido ao confinamento. Conclusões: Esta situação terá conseqüências no futuro; portanto, é necessário gerar estratégias que permitam um ambiente ativo através do exercício físico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: An outbreak of disease due to a variety of coronavirus that affects humans began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, where as of January 2022 it has caused more than five and a half million deaths. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold on a global scale, authorities in different territories and countries have introduced various protective measures, including the closure of schools, universities, travel bans, cultural, sporting and meeting, as well as social events. These compulsory social isolation and confinement processes were a reality imposed by the Argentine government as a preventive measure against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Currently, there are few statistical records showing the damage caused to the physical state of child and adolescent populations, which have been confined due to the preventive measures taken against the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: For this reason, this study aimed to describe some of the effects of confinement on physical inactivity in child and juvenile populations in Comodoro Rivadavia and Rada Tilly. Materials and methods: Scientific research methods and techniques were used, such as analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, document analysis and an anonymous questionnaire, answered by 466 subjects (female= 237 - male= 229), whose ages were 12± 6 years. Results: With the data obtained, it was concluded (P<0.05) that this population suffered an increase in the time spent in front of the screens, decreasing the time used to perform physical activity, causing changes associated with an increase in the amount of sleep, due to confinement. Conclusions: This situation will bring consequences in the future; therefore, it is necessary to generate strategies that allow an active environment through physical exercise.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Fontan Circulation

Abstract Background: Long-term outcomes of patients with Fontan circulation are uncertain regarding the prevalence and role of risk factors (RFs) such as increased body mass index (BMI), arterial hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of RFs in patients with univentricular heart, with variable follow-up times. Methods: This mixed cohort study was performed with 66 patients, who underwent blood count, fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipid profile tests; systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) measurements; and anthropometric and sociodemographic data collection. Cardiovascular RFs among first-degree relatives and physical activity habits were also assessed. Prevalence was described using proportions, with a 95% confidence interval. Continuous variables (height, weight, age, SBP, DBP) were described as means and standard deviations (m±SD). Associations between RFs were assessed using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. Spearman's correlation was used for analyzing CRP and the presence of 2 or more RFs. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check for data normality. Statistical significance considered p<0.05. Results: In our population, 19.7% were overweight, mean SBP was 89.44±37.4, and mean DBP was 60.0±26.08. The most prevalent diseases in the interviewees' families were systemic arterial hypertension (30.3%), obesity (16.7%), and 2 or more cardiovascular RFs among first-degree relatives (13.8%). We observed a trend towards significance between the presence of 2 familial RFs and overweight, as well as a risk profile for cardiovascular disease. There was an association between the BMI percentile, the presence of 2 or more RFs (p<0.05), and CRP (p<0.01). Conclusions: Overweight is common in patients with univentricular heart, being related to more than 2 cardiovascular RFs among first-degree relatives; physical inactivity and changes in lipid profiles are also frequent.

Desenvolvimento de um site responsivo para promover mudanças comportamentais em usuários de computador / Desarrollo de una página web adaptable para estimular cambios conductuales en los usuarios de computadoras / Development of a responsive website to promote behavior changes in computer users

RESUMO O crescimento do uso da tecnologia fez com que os trabalhadores passassem a usar o computador por longos períodos, dentro e fora do trabalho. O uso prolongado de computadores está associado a um estilo de vida sedentário, sendo um fator de risco para diversos problemas de saúde. Porém, a transformação deste comportamento pode ser promovida por meio de tecnologias, como um site responsivo interativo que visa promover mudanças comportamentais em usuários de computador. A partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, foram identificados fatores de risco modificáveis associados aos problemas de saúde nessa população. Em seguida, foram criadas mensagens para ampliar o conhecimento e promover mudanças comportamentais nos usuários. Essas mensagens incluem recomendações a respeito de pausas, ajustes no posto de trabalho, exercícios físicos, hidratação, dentre outras. As mensagens podem ser personalizadas, bastando que, para isso, o usuário inclua informações pessoais e hábitos de vida atuais. Todas as informações foram implementadas em um site responsivo interativo desenvolvido em linguagem JavaScript e motor Node.js. O site responsivo foi desenvolvido, incluindo as funcionalidades propostas, e está disponível online. Em estudos futuros, poderá ser testada a efetividade do site para promover mudanças comportamentais nos usuários de computador, melhorando sua saúde e qualidade de vida.

RESUMEN El creciente uso de la tecnología llevó a los trabajadores a utilizar las computadoras por largos períodos dentro y fuera del trabajo. El uso prolongado de computadoras está asociado al sedentarismo y resulta ser un factor de riesgo para diversos problemas de salud. Sin embargo, este comportamiento puede modificarse con las tecnologías, como en una página web adaptable interactiva cuyo objetivo es estimular cambios conductuales en los usuarios de computadoras. A partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica, se identificaron los factores de riesgo modificables asociados a problemas de salud en esta población. Después se crearon mensajes para difundir los conocimientos y estimular cambios conductuales en los usuarios. Los mensajes contenían recomendaciones sobre descansos, ajustes en el lugar de trabajo, ejercicios físicos, hidratación, entre otros temas. Además, la información podría ser personalizada, siempre que el usuario incluyera datos personales y hábitos de vida actuales. Toda la información se aplicó a una página web adaptable interactiva desarrollada en lenguaje JavaScript y motor Node.js. Se creó la página web adaptable con las características propuestas incluidas, y se la puso a disposición en línea. Estudios futuros pueden probar la efectividad de la página web en el estímulo de cambios conductuales en los usuarios de computadoras, mejorando su salud y calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT The increase in the use of technology for prolonged periods, both inside and outside of work, is associated with a sedentary lifestyle, a risk factor for several health problems. Change in this behavior can be promoted with the use of technologies. We aim to develop an interactive responsive website to promote behavioral changes in computer users. From a literature review, modifiable risk factors associated with health problems in computer users were identified. Messages were created to increase knowledge and promote behavioral changes in users. These messages include recommendations regarding breaks, adjustments in the workplace, physical exercise, hydration, among others. The messages are personalized, and the user includes personal information and current lifestyle habits. All this information was implemented in an interactive responsive website developed in JavaScript language and Node.js engine. The responsive website was developed, including the proposed features, and is available online. Future studies can evaluate the effectiveness of the responsive website in promoting behavioral changes among computer users, improving their health and quality of life.

Muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris in the production of knee extensor torque in physically inactive women

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the data reliability of muscle architecture (MA) variables, and the relationship between MA and the isometric peak torque (PT) of the monoarticular and biarticular knee extensor (KE) muscle in physically inactive women. Methods: Ten physically inactive women (24.0 ± 1.64 years; 162.9 ± 5.34 cm; 63.5 ± 11.90 kg) participated in the study. An ultrasound device assessed the MA variables (muscle thickness, fascicle length, and pennation angle) of the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF), and an isokinetic dynamometer assessed the PT. Pearson correlation evaluated the relationship between PT and MA variables, with a significance level of 5%. Additionally, the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, and standard error of measurement. Results: Excellent reliability between images was observed, and no significant relationships were observed between the PT and MA variables of the VL and RF. Conclusion: Isolated variables of the MA of a monoarticular or a biarticular muscle do not influence the production of the isometric PT of the KE.

Niveles de sedentarismo en población universitaria colombiana a través del cuestionario SIT-Q-7d-S / Levels of sedentary lifestyle in Colombian university population through the SIT-Q-7d-S questionnaire

Introducción. El sedentarismo es un problema de salud pública, al ser factor de riesgo para ocho de las diez primeras causas de muerte en el mundo. Evaluar los niveles de sedentarismo con instrumentos óptimos se vuelve imprescindible para su correcto diagnóstico e intervención. Objetivo. Evaluar los niveles de sedentarismo en población universitaria colombia-na a través del cuestionario Sit Q7d-S y determinar su nivel de confiabilidad. Metodología. Se condujo un estudio cuantitativo, con aplicación tipo test re-test, con una muestra de 304 personas, con un error máximo de 5% y con 95% de con-fianza. La muestra estuvo conformada por 103 hombres (33,9%) y 201 mujeres (66,1%), estudiantes de una universidad colombiana con sede en cuatro ciudades diferentes (Cali, Neiva, Popayán y Medellín). Resultados. La población evaluada es sedentaria. Tienen comportamientos que indican que pasan más de dos horas de tiempo en posiciones sedentes, aumentado el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cron-bach 0,64 para todos los ítems del cuestionario SIT-Q-7d-S, demostrando valores moderadamente aceptables para el uso del cuestionario. Conclusión. El cuestionario SIT-Q-7d-S es un instrumento con una fiabilidad de regular a moderada para evaluar niveles de sedentarismo en población universitaria. Así mismo, se evidencia que los niveles de inactividad en la población colombiana universitaria indican que es una población sedentaria, lo que se relaciona con que pasan más de dos horas de tiempo en pantalla y pasan entre una, dos o más de tres horas sentados realizando su ocupación

Introduction. Sedentary lifestyle is a public health problem, as it is a risk factor for eight of the ten leading causes of death in the world. Assessing sedentary lifestyle levels with optimal instruments becomes essential for its correct diagnosis and intervention.Aim. To evaluate the levels of sedentary lifestyle in the Colombian university pop-ulation through the Sit Q7d-S questionnaire and to determine its level of reliability.Methodology. A quantitative study was conducted, using a test re-test type applica-tion, with a sample of 304 people with a 5% maximum error and 95% confidence. The sample size included 103 men (33.9%) and 201 women (66.1%), who are stu-dents at a Colombian university located in four different cities (Cali, Neiva, Popayan, and Medellin).Results. The evaluated population is sedentary, as they have behaviors that indicate they spend more than two hours of time in seated positions, increasing the risk of suffering from chronic non-communicable diseases. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.64 was obtained for all the items of the SIT-Q-7d-S questionnaire, showing moderately ac-ceptable values for the use of the questionnaire.Conclusion. The SIT-Q-7d-S questionnaire is an instrument with low to moderate reliability to assess levels of sedentary lifestyle in the university population. Likewise, it is evident that the levels of inactivity in the Colombian university population indi-cate that it is a sedentary population. This is related to the fact that they spend more than two hours on screen time and spend between one, two or more than three hours doing their job in a sitting position

Motivaciones de los estudiantes de fisioterapia para practicar actividad físico-deportiva / Motivations of physiotherapy students to practice sports and physical activity

Introducción. El sedentarismo es un problema de salud pública, siendo un riesgo latente para las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. En un estudio previo en la Fundación Universitaria María Cano se encontró sedentarismo de 97% en estudiantes. El propósito del estudio es contribuir a la comprensión del comportamiento sedentario en estudiantes de fisioterapia, información clave para que la institución genere estrategias efectivas que incentiven la práctica físico-deportiva, considerando las motivaciones de los estudiantes. Metodología. Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. Participaron 178 estudiantes de Fisioterapia (I a VII semestre). Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el CAMIAF (Cuestionario de Actitudes, Motivaciones e Intereses hacia las Actividades Físico-deportivas). Resultados. Población joven, en su mayoría mujeres (77,5%), con edades entre 16 y 36 años, y media de 21,3 (DE: ±3,244). El 64% manifiesta no practicar deporte o actividad física (AF) de manera habitual. Se encuentra asociación significativa de la edad con los factores competencia (todas las variables), capacidad personal (por superarse), aventura (relacionarme y conocer gente), hedonismo (porque quiero ser celebre y popular) y forma física (para mejorar mi imagen y aspecto físico). El 92,2% de los participantes manifiestan que la Universidad motiva la práctica de AF con jornadas físicas permanentes (34,9%) y el incentivo académico (28,6%) Conclusiones. Entre las motivaciones para la práctica de AF predomina, en su orden, el factor competencia, social y recreativo, y el estético. El que genera menor motivación es el emocional. Limitaciones. El constructo motivacional es multidimensional; un abordaje cualitativo adicional podría mejorar la comprensión de los hallazgos.

Introduction. Sedentary lifestyle is a public health problem, being a latent risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. In a previous study at Fundación Universitaria María Cano, a sedentary lifestyle of 97% was found in students. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the understanding of sedentary behavior in physical therapy students, which is a key information for the institution to generate effective strategies to encourage sports and physical practice, considering the students' motivations. Methodology. A quantitative approach study, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. 178 physiotherapy students (1st to 7th semester) participated. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the CAMIAF (Questionnaire of Attitudes, Motivations, and Interests towards Physical-Sports Activities) were applied. Results. Young population, mostly women (77.5%), aged between 16 and 36, with an average of 21.3 (SD: ±3.244). Sixty-four percent stated that they did not practice sport or physical activity (PA) on a regular basis. A significant association was found between age and the following factors: competence (all variables), personal capacity (for self-im-provement), adventure (to socialize and meet people), hedonism (because I want to be famous and popular), and physical fitness (to improve my image and physical appear-ance). 92.2% of the participants state that the University motivates the practice of PA with permanent physical sessions (34.9%) and academic incentive (28.6%). Conclusions. Among the motivations for the practice of PA, the following factors predominate in this order: competition, social and recreational, and aesthetic. The least motivating factor was the emotional one.Limitations. The motivational construct is multidimensional; an additional quali-tative approach could improve the understanding of the findings.

Motivos de la inactividad física infantil: Una visión de niños, padres y entrenadores / Reasons for Child Physical Inactivity: A View from Children, Parents, and Coaches

Resumen La realización de actividad física desde la infancia y a lo largo de la vida adulta, permite que se mantenga un perfil de riesgo bajo respecto a numerosos padecimientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las dificultades que generan la inactividad física en niños, para lo cual se contó con una muestra de 2,621 niños y niñas de 13 ciudades del país, 3,754 padres de estos niños, y 134 entrenadores de diferentes escuelas presentes en la República Mexicana. Para obtener la información de esta población, se utilizó un cuestionario de 17 preguntas abiertas y cerradas, el cual fue una adaptación del instrumento: State of Play: Youth Sports Survey (The Aspen Institute, 2018), mientras que a los padres y madres de familia se les preguntó cuáles consideraban que podrían ser las principales dificultades que enfrentaban para fomentar la actividad física y/o deportiva en sus hijos e hijas, finalmente a sus entrenadores se les preguntaron las razones principales por la que los niños no practican deportes o actividad física. Los resultados mostraron que, en la muestra general de niños, el aspecto principal que genera su inactividad física se relaciona con el cumplimiento de responsabilidades; los padres mencionaron como causa principal la falta de tiempo, y los entrenadores el mal uso de la tecnología.

Abstract Physical activity from childhood and throughout adult life allows a low-risk profile to be maintained compared to many conditions. This study aimed to identify the difficulties that lead to physical inactivity in children. For the study, there was a sample of 2,621 children from 13 cities in the country, 3,754 parents of these children, and 134 coaches from different schools in the Mexican Republic. A questionnaire of 17 open and closed questions was used to obtain children's information; the questionnaire was an adaptation of the instrument State of Play: Youth Sports Survey (The Aspen Institute, s.f.). Parents were asked what they felt might be the main challenges they had in fostering physical and/or sporting activity in their children. Finally, coaches were asked the main reasons why children do not play sports or physical activity. In the general sample of children, the results showed that the main aspect of their physical inactivity relates to responsibilities; parents mentioned, as the main cause, the lack of time, and coaches reported misused the technology.

Resumo A realização de atividade física desde a infância e ao longo da vida adulta, permite que seja mantido um perfil de baixo risco em relação a muitas doenças. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as dificuldades que a inatividade física gera nas crianças, para a qual houve uma amostra de 2.621 crianças de 13 cidades do país, 3.754 eram os pais dessas crianças, e 134 eram treinadores de diferentes escolas presentes na República Mexicana. Para a obtenção das informações das crianças, foi utilizado um questionário com 17 questões abertas e fechadas, que foi uma adaptação do instrumento: Estado do jogo: Youth Sports Survey (The Aspen Institute, sd), enquanto os pais eram questionados sobre o que eles consideravam ser as principais dificuldades que enfrentavam para promover a atividade física e/ou esportiva entre seus filhos, e finalmente, os treinadores foram questionados sobre os principais motivos pelos quais as crianças não participam de esportes ou atividade física. Os resultados mostraram que, na amostra geral de crianças, o principal aspecto que gera sua inatividade física está relacionado ao cumprimento de responsabilidades; os pais citaram a falta de tempo como a principal causa e o uso indevido da tecnologia pelos treinadores.

Inatividade física aumenta as chances de absenteísmo por doença em trabalhadores de empresa siderúrgica / Physical inactivity increases the chances of disease-related absenteeism among steel company workers

Avaliar os fatores associados ao absenteísmo por doença em trabalhadores de uma siderúrgica em Vitória, Espírito Santo/Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, com base na coleta de informações sobre eventos ligados à saúde de colaboradores em uma siderúrgica. Foram avaliados 317 colaboradores do sexo masculino. Para fins deste estudo, foram coletadas variáveis referentes as características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, características laborais e condição clínica. Os siderúrgicos que trabalhavam no setor operacional apresentaram 3,96 vezes mais chances de se afastarem por doença (IC95% 1,86­8,44). Da mesma forma, os indivíduos pouco ativos tiveram quase o triplo de chances de se absterem do trabalho (OR 2,92, IC95% 1,14­7,46) e os que autoavaliaram negativamente o seu estado de saúde apresentaram mais que o dobro de chances de absenteísmo por doença (OR 2,14, IC95% 1,07­4,29). Sugere-se às empresas desenvolverem programas de condicionamento físico e planos de trabalho para minimizar fatores associados ao absenteísmo por doença.

To evaluate the factors associated with absenteeism due to illness in workers at a steel company in Vitória, Espirito Santo, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study, based on information related to the health of employees in a steel company. A total of 317 male employees were evaluated. Variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, work characteristics, and clinical condition were collected. Steelmakers who worked in the operational sector were 3.96 times more likely to leave because of illness (95% CI 1.86­8.44). Likewise, inactive individuals were almost three times as likely to abstain from work (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.14­7.46) and those who negatively self-rated their health status more than doubled chances of absenteeism due to illness (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.07­4.29). Companies should develop fitness programs and work plans to minimize factors associated with absenteeism due to illness.

Nuevas técnicas para medir el nivel de actividad física en estudios epidemiológicos sobre enfermedades no transmisibles en Cuba / New techniques to measure physical activity levels in epidemiological studies about non-communicable diseases in Cuba

Introducción: Los estudios epidemiológicos sobre enfermedades no transmisibles en Cuba requieren técnicas que determinen el nivel de actividad física de manera práctica, válida, confiable y costo-efectiva. Objetivo: Caracterizar las técnicas que miden el nivel de actividad física de cuestionarios validados por sensores de movimiento y que resulten aplicables en la población cubana. Métodos: La búsqueda se efectuó a través de bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS y SciELO. Las palabras utilizadas en la búsqueda fueron: actividad física, actividad física/técnicas de medición, actividad física/cuestionario, inactividad física y enfermedades no transmisibles. Se consultaron documentos que hubiesen sido publicados en el periodo 2014-2019. Análisis e integración de la información: Se identificaron 66 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 36 que contribuyeron al resultado final. Se describieron las características más relevantes de cada técnica, así como también las semejanzas y diferencias entre ellas. Basado en los criterios de los autores referidos y el de los autores, se definió cuál sería la técnica apropiada a utilizar. Conclusiones: Se considera que los podómetros junto con la versión corta del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ, siglas en inglés), son las técnicas que pueden utilizarse para medir el nivel de actividad física en la población cubana(AU)

Introduction: Epidemiological studies about non-communicable diseases in Cuba require techniques that determine physical activity levels in a practical, valid, reliable and cost-effective manner. Objective: Characterize the techniques that measure the level of physical activity of questionnaires validated by movement sensors and that are applicable in the Cuban population. Methods: A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS and SciELO, using the descriptors physical activity, physical activity / measurement techniques, physical activity / questionnaire, physical inactivity and non-communicable diseases. The documents consulted had been published in the period 2014-2019. Data analysis and integration: A total 66 articles were identified, of which 36 were selected that contributed to the final result. A description was performed of the most relevant characteristics of each technique, as well as the similarities and differences between them. Determination was made of the appropriate technique to be used, based on criteria issued by article authors and referred authors. Conclusions: Pedometers and the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were selected as the techniques to be used to measure physical activity levels in the Cuban population(AU)

Los cuestionarios como herramienta en la medición de la actividad física en personas con diabetes mellitus y obesidad en la población cubana / Questionnaires as a tool to measure physical activity in people with diabetes mellitus and obesity in the Cuban population

Introducción: Los cuestionarios son instrumentos estandarizados que se utilizan en la vigilancia global de la actividad física en las personas con diabetes mellitus y obesidad. Estos constituyen una técnica costo-efectiva más viable pero menos precisa en comparación con los métodos objetivos que se utilizan para medir la actividad física a nivel poblacional. Sin embargo, son la herramienta más empleada por los especialistas por su interacción directa con los pacientes que se incluyen en las investigaciones sobre la diabetes y la obesidad. Objetivos: Identificar los cuestionarios como una opción factible en Cuba para medir el nivel de actividad física en estudios epidemiológicos en personas con diabetes mellitus y obesidad. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora de la bibliografía durante el periodo 2013-2020, a partir de los criterios de inclusión. La búsqueda se efectuó a través de PubMed, Cochrane, LILIACS y SciELO. Las palabras o criterios empleados fueron: actividad física, actividad física/cuestionarios, actividad física/técnicas de medición, enfermedades no transmisibles, diabetes mellitus y obesidad. Se identificaron 68 artículos, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 29 que contribuyeron al resultado final. Conclusiones: Las nuevas evidencias expuestas propician elementos sólidos para identificar los cuestionarios validados por sensores de movimiento como una opción factible que debe ser utilizada en Cuba para medir el nivel de actividad física en estudios epidemiológicos en personas con diabetes mellitus y obesidad(AU)

Introduction: The questionnaires are standardized instruments, which are used in full monitoring of physical activity in people with diabetes mellitus and obesity. They are a more viable cost-effect technique, but less precise in comparison with the objective methods that are used to measure physical activity in the population level. However, they are the most used tool by the specialists due to its direct interaction with patients included in researches on diabetes and obesity. Objectives: Identify the questionnaires as a feasible option in Cuba to measure the level of physical activity in epidemiological studies in people with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Methods: An integrative review of the bibliography was carried out from the inclusion criteria during the period 2013-2020. The search was carried out through PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS and SciELO to answer the question of the review: What is the physical activity´s measurement technique that can be used in people with diabetes mellitus and obesity in the Cuban population, taking into account the new empirical evidence on the subject? Physical activity, physical activity / questionnaires, physical activity / measurement techniques, non-communicable diseases, diabetes mellitus and obesity; were the words or criteria used. 68 articles were identified, and 29 of them were selected so, they contributed to the final result. Conclusions: The new evidences presented provide solid elements to identify the questionnaires validated by motion sensors as a feasible option that should be used in Cuba to measure the level of physical activity in epidemiological studies of people with diabetes mellitus and obesity(AU)

Juegos para incrementar la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios inactivos en su jornada escolar / Jogos para intensificar a atividade física em estudantes universitários inativos durante o dia de aula / Games to increase physical activity in inactive university students in their school day

RESUMEN La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la Universidad "Jesús Montané Oropesa", con el objetivo de valorar el efecto de la implementación de juegos recreativos para incrementar la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios inactivos, en su jornada escolar. Se emplearon los métodos teóricos, entre los que se pueden citar análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción y el histórico-lógico. Los métodos empíricos se empleados fueron la observación, revisión de documentos. Se utilizó la medición como técnica para la recopilación de datos. La encuesta, el sondeo de opinión. Se empleó, además, el paquete SPS entre los estadísticos matemáticos para el procesamiento de la información. Como resultado de este trabajo, se logró un compendio de juegos que permitirá solucionar las principales deficiencias identificadas en el diagnóstico y, de manera continua, incrementar los niveles de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios inactivos en su jornada escolar.

RESUMO A presente pesquisa foi realizada na Universidade "Jesús Montané Oropesa", com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da implementação de jogos recreativos para aumentar a atividade física em estudantes universitários inativos, durante o dia escolar. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos, entre os quais podemos citar análise e síntese, indução-dedução e histórico-lógica. Os métodos empíricos utilizados foram a observação e a revisão de documentos. A medição como técnica de coleta de dados. A pesquisa, a pesquisa de opinião. Além disso, o pacote SPS foi utilizado como um pacote estatístico-matemático para o processamento de dados. Como resultado deste trabalho, foi alcançado um compêndio de jogos que permitirá resolver as principais deficiências identificadas no diagnóstico e, de forma contínua, aumentar os níveis de atividade física dos estudantes universitários inativos em seus dias de escola.

ABSTRACT The present research was carried out at the "Jesús Montané Oropesa" University, with the objective of assessing the effect of the implementation of recreational games to increase physical activity in inactive university students during their school day. Theoretical methods were used, among which we can mention analysis and synthesis, induction-deduction and historical-logical. The empirical methods used were observation, document review, survey and opinion poll. Measurement was used as a technique for data collection. The SPS statistical-mathematical package was also used to process the information. As a result of this work, a compendium of games was achieved that will allow to solve the main deficiencies identified in the diagnosis and, in a continuous way, to increase the levels of physical activity in inactive university students during their school day.

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity of Schoolchildren from a Low-income Region in Brazil: Associations with Maternal Variables / Comportamento Sedentário e Atividade Física de Escolares de uma Região de Baixa Renda no Brasil: Associações com Variáveis Maternas

INTRODUCTION: In the last decade, an increasing number of studies investigated markers of Sedentary Behavior (SB) and Physical Activity (PA) in school-age children since they lead to nutritional status changes in this groupOBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between maternal factors and SB and PA of schoolchildrenMETHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 410 mothers of children enrolled between the first and the fifth year in municipal schools of Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil. By applying questionnaires, socioeconomic variables of the family, maternal data, and habits related to SB and PA on weekdays and weekends were investigated. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to test associationsRESULTS: It was observed that income below one minimum wage and less maternal education were associated with greater active transportation among children (69.3%, p = 0.012 and 68.4%, p = 0.022, respectively). Children from low-income families (65.4%, p = 0.016) and who had six and seven siblings (8.2%, p = 0.023 and 7.6%, p = 0.037, respectively) presented lower SB at the weekend. Low level of maternal education was associated with reduced PA during the week (70.8%, p = 0.024CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic (i.e., family income and number of siblings) and maternal factors (i.e., level of education) are important indicators for time spent on sedentary behavior and physical activity of schoolchildren

INTRODUÇÃO: Na última década, um número crescente de estudos tem se preocupado em investigar marcadores de Comportamento Sedentário (CS) e Atividade Física (AF) em crianças na idade escolar, por serem reconhecidos como causadores de alterações do estado nutricional nesta faixa etáriaOBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados maternos sobre o CS e AF de escolaresMÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa com delineamento transversal, envolvendo 410 mães de crianças matriculadas entre o primeiro e quinto ano nas escolas municipais de Santa Cruz, RN, Brasil. Por meio da aplicação de questionários, foram investigadas variáveis socioeconômicas da família, dados maternos e hábitos relacionados ao CS e AF dos escolares, nos dias da semana e no final de semana. Para testar associações foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Exato de FisherRESULTADOS: Foi observado que uma renda inferior a um salário mínimo e menor escolaridade materna foram associados com maior deslocamento ativo das crianças (69,3%, p = 0,012 e 68,4% p = 0,022, respectivamente). As crianças de famílias com baixa renda (65,4%, p = 0,016) e que tinham seis e sete irmãos (8,2%, p = 0,023 e 7,6%, p = 0,037, respectivamente) apresentam menor CS no final de semana. Um menor grau de escolaridade materna foi associado com uma menor prática de AF durante a semana (70,8%, p = 0,024CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os fatores socioeconômicos (i.e., renda familiar e número de irmãos) e maternos (i.e., nível de escolaridade) são importantes indicadores para o tempo dispendido em comportamento sedentário e atividade física de escolares